Understanding Depression: A Guide by Positive Talk

Positive Talk • April 9, 2025

If you are experiencing thoughts of suicide, self-harm or severe distress help is available 24/7: 

Emergency Services 999 and 101 

NHS Crisis Line 111 option 2 

Samaritans (UK)116 123 

Childline 0800 111 

What is Depression? 

Depression goes beyond just feeling down or upset for a few days. While it’s normal to have periods of sadness, depression involves a deep, lasting sense of unhappiness that persists for weeks or even months. 


Some people mistakenly view depression as unimportant or not a legitimate health concern. However, it is a real condition. It’s not a weakness or something that can be overcome by sheer willpower alone. Depression may affect each person differently and can result in a variety of symptoms. These may include persistent sadness, hopelessness, or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It’s also common to experience tearfulness or symptoms of anxiety alongside depression. 

 

Physical symptoms might include constant fatigue, difficulty sleeping, changes in appetite or libido, or even unexplained aches and pains. Depression can range in severity. In milder cases, it may present as a persistent low mood, while severe cases can lead to feelings of despair or suicidal thoughts. Feeling stressed, anxious, or down during tough times is a normal part of life. However, when a low mood persists for an extended period, it could indicate depression rather than a temporary emotional dip. Depression may affect how people feel, think, and function on a day-to-day basis and may interfere with personal and professional life. 

 

This guide explores what depression is, its impact, behavioural and psychological patterns, available support, and actionable strategies for recovery. Whether you're seeking treatment for depression, understanding symptoms, or ways to build resilience, this guide provides valuable insights. 

What Triggers Depression? 

Depression can sometimes be linked to specific events or circumstances, such as losing a loved one, job loss, or the arrival of a new baby. 


There’s also evidence suggesting that individuals with a family history of depression may be more prone to it. However, depression can also appear without any clear cause. 

Care and Support around Depression – Is this available? 

The positive news is that with the right combination of treatment and support, many individuals with depression can recover fully. 


Understanding the key symptoms of depression is the first step in recognising it so that you can take action. 

Key Symptoms of Depression 

  • Continuous feelings of sadness or emptiness 
  • Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities 
  • Fatigue and a lack of energy 
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions 
  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt 
  • Changes in appetite or weight (an increase or decrease) 
  • Disturbed sleep patterns like insomnia or excessive sleeping 
  • Thoughts of self-harm or suicide 
  • Developing a substance abuse disorder 

The Impact of Depression 

The impact of depression on day-to-day living is complex, affecting relationships, emotions, physical health and cognitive abilities. 


Here’s some examples of how it may affect the above:


Physical Effects: 

  1. Fatigue and low energy 
  2. Unexplained aches and pains 
  3. Digestive issues 
  4. Weakened immune function 

 

Emotional Effects: 

  • Persistent feelings of hopelessness or despair 
  • Emotional numbness or detachment 
  • Difficulty experiencing joy or connection 

 

Social Effects: 

  • Withdrawal from friends and family 
  • Struggles to maintain relationships 
  • Decline in work performance and potential financial difficulties 

 

Cognitive Effects: 

  • Brain fog, leading to poor memory and concentration 
  • Negative thought cycles that reinforce feelings of inadequacy 

 

Depression doesn’t just affect our emotions; it can impact every aspect of our lives. Whether it’s the physical toll of fatigue, the emotional weight of hopelessness, or the strain it puts on relationships and work, depression can feel overwhelming. If you’re struggling with these impacts, Positive Talk is here to help. Our therapists can guide you in managing these challenges and finding relief. 

Contact us today to learn more. 


Behavioural and Psychological Patterns in Depression 

Depression can cause changes both behaviourally and psychologically. For example, it can affect how people behave and how they feel emotionally. When a noticeable change occurs, it is beneficial to seek support at the earliest convivence. It is extremely helpful to have support in place whilst in a depressive state. 

Behavioural Patterns: 

Drinking: Alcohol is sometimes used as a coping mechanism which can worsen symptoms and lead to dependency/binge drinking. Alcohol is a depressant and slows down the central nervous system. 

 

Irregular Sleep Patterns: Insomnia or hypersomnia are common; sleep changes can make other depression symptoms feel worse. 

 

Mood Swings: Strong mood swings can make it hard to handle everyday tasks and get along with others. 

 

Eating Disorders: Depression may trigger emotional eating, binge eating, or loss of appetite. 

 

Self-Harm: Some people may self-harm to cope with the overwhelming emotions and this can occur in many ways. Self-harm is an expression of distress. Understanding signs and symptoms and understand how people may self-harm when in a state of depression. 

 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD): Repetitive behaviours or intrusive thoughts can occur alongside depression. 

Psychological Patterns: 

Low Self-Esteem: Persistent feelings of inadequacy and unworthiness. 

 

Negative Thinking: Negative thoughts that may reoccur making it hard to solve problems or feel hopeful about the future. 

 

Irritability: When an individual is depressed, they may get frustrated or angry more often - both at themselves and or with others. 

 

Suicidal Thoughts: If you are feeling hopeless and thinking about harming yourself, talk to someone right away. Reach out for help. You are not alone and support is available 24/7. 

Depression and Relationships 

Depression doesn’t just impact the individual experiencing it, it can deeply affect relationships with loved ones. Challenges such as social withdrawal, miscommunication, and emotional distance can leave relationships/families feeling isolated and misunderstood. 

Supporting a Loved One with Depression: 

  • Listen empathetically without judgment. 
  • Encourage seeking professional help ASAP 
  • Stay connected through regular check-ins. 
  • Educate yourself about depression to provide informed support. 


Couples or family therapy can help improve communication and understanding within strained relationships. At Positive Talk, we specialise in guiding families and couples through these challenges. Contact us today to explore how our compassionate therapists can support your journey toward stronger, healthier relationships. 

Types of Support Available for Depression 

The good news is that depression treatment options are varied and can be tailored to meet each individual’s unique needs: 

1. Professional Support: 

Therapy and Counselling: 

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to reframe your negative thought patterns. 
  • Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) to improve relationships. 
  • Person Centred Therapy (PCT) to help identify abilities and strengths to achieve a positive mindset whilst understanding and acknowledging direct thoughts and emotions 

 

Medication: 

  • Antidepressants prescribed by healthcare professionals can regulate brain chemistry. 


2. Lifestyle Changes: 

  • Regular physical activity 
  • A balanced diet to support your health 
  • Consistent sleep routines 


Risk Factors and Causes of Depression 

Understanding the causes of depression can help in prevention and treatment. Common factors include: 

 

Biological: Hormonal imbalances, or chronic illnesses 

 

Environmental: Stressful life events, trauma, or unstable home life 

 

Psychological: Self-esteem, self-criticism. Repetitive negative thinking 


Common Misconceptions About Depression 

Addressing misunderstandings helps reduce stigma and promotes awareness: 

 

  • Depression is not a sign of weakness. 
  • Depression isn’t something you can simply “snap out of” through willpower alone. 
  • Seeking help is a courageous act of strength, not a sign of failure. 

Recovery Strategies and Building Resilience 

In addition to professional treatment self-help strategies for depression can support recovery: 

 

1. Set Realistic Goals 

2. Maintain a Routine 

3. Stay Connected  



Seeking Help 

Taking the first step in finding professional support in relation to depression is crucial. Support from qualified professionals can make a significant difference in managing and overcoming symptoms and finding better ways of coping to support lifestyle changes. 


Steps to Get Started: 

  • Schedule an appointment with a Counsellor/Therapist 
  • Explore therapy options that suit your needs. 
  • Speak to a trusted friend/family member 


At Positive Talk, we offer compassionate and personalised therapy to support your recovery journey. Contact us to learn more about our services. 

Final Thoughts 

Depression is a complex but treatable condition. With the right combination of professional support, lifestyle changes, and resilience building strategies recovery is possible. If you are ready to take that first step, reach out today. Together we can create a path toward balance, joy, and wellbeing. 

 

Article created by Sureya at Positive Talk 

By Positive Talk July 9, 2025
You don’t need to drink every day for alcohol to impact your health. Drinking too much, too fast, too often can still carry serious risks, especially when it becomes a pattern. 1.What is binge drinking? NHS describes it as drinking a l arge amount of alcohol in a short period of time. According to UK Chief Medical Officers: 8+ units in one session for men 6+ units in one session for women That’s roughly: 3 pints of strong beer for men 2 large glasses of wine for women 2. Am I drinking too much? To reduce health risks, UK guidelines recommend that both men and women drink no more than 14 units of alcohol per week, and that those units are spread out over three or more days. That works out to roughly: 6 pints of regular-strength beer (4%) 6 medium glasses of wine (175ml at 13%) 14 single shots of spirits (25ml at 40%) 3. Signs you might be binge drinking ¨ Drinking more than planned ¨ Blacking out or forgetting parts of the night ¨ Using alcohol to “switch off” from stress or feelings ¨ Feeling low, anxious, or guilty after drinking ¨ Struggling to stop once you start ¨ Only drinking occasionally, but excessively when you do Remember: You don’t have to drink daily to be at risk. 4. Why people binge drink Many people use alcohol to cope. It might feel like the only way to relax or socialise, especially if you’re burnt out, anxious or trying to avoid difficult emotions. Common triggers include: ¨ Workplace stress ¨ Relationship problems ¨ Trauma or unresolved grief ¨ Loneliness or boredom ¨ Social pressure or cultural norms 5. What are the dangers of binge drinking? Binge drinking increases your risk of both short- and long-term harm. Short-term risks: ¨ Accidents and injuries (e.g., falls, burns, road traffic accidents) ¨ Alcohol poisoning ¨ Sexual assault ¨ Unintentional violence or aggression leading to fights ¨ Memory blackouts Long-term risks: ¨ Liver disease ¨ Heart problems ¨ Increased risk of cancers (e.g., mouth, breast, liver) ¨ Mental health issues like depression and anxiety ¨ Alcohol dependency ¨ Permanent memory problems, including alcohol-related brain damage (e.g., Korsakoff’s syndrome) Even if you function well in daily life, binge drinking can still damage your health over time. 6. How to stop binge drinking: real strategies that work 1. Recognise your “first drink logic” People often say: “I’ll just have one.” But once alcohol kicks in, the brain’s prefrontal cortex (impulse control) gets dialled down. If the first drink is what leads to all the others, consider avoiding that one drink altogether in your highest-risk settings (e.g., Friday nights, certain friends, post-stress routines). 2. Break the “end of the week = drink” association If your drinking kicks off on Friday night, it’s likely become ritualised - a cue → reward cycle. What helps: ¨ Replace the time and location with something else, e.g., go to a gym class at 6pm Friday, not the pub ¨ Change your scenery right after work: walk, call someone, shower, cook something grounding 3. Name your “drinking voice”- and externalise it Clients often say things like: “It’s like this voice says, you’ve had a hard day, you deserve it.” In therapy, we call this externalisation . Give that voice a name and learn to respond to it as one part of you, not the whole truth. 5. Have a prepared response to peer pressure or influence A lot of binge drinking happens socially, not because people want to drink over their limit, but because they feel unable to say no due to peer pressure or influence. Prepare one sentence you can use when pressured: ¨ “I’m doing a reset this month; I’ll stick with this one.” ¨ “Trying to improve sleep so taking it easy tonight.” ¨ “Just pacing myself, I’ve got a big morning.” The key is confidence + vagueness . Most people won’t push after the first line if you sound sure. 7. How a therapist can help you with binge drinking When people come to therapy to talk about drinking, therapists don’t approach it with judgement, we approach it with understanding. Because drinking is usually doing something for you. It might be easing anxiety, numbing stress, helping you feel something (or nothing), or offering a sense of connection where you otherwise feel out of place. In therapy, we gently explore what your drinking is trying to manage and begin to build tools that support you in safer, more sustainable ways. Below are some of the evidence-based techniques your therapist might use in sessions tailored to your needs: Motivational Interviewing This technique helps you unpack the real reasons you might want to drink less, even if you're not ready to stop. It's especially helpful if you feel conflicted about change. Tracking We often use a drinking and mood diary to identify the patterns behind the behaviour. You will log: ¨ What you drank ¨ What triggered it (emotion, situation, thought) ¨ What you hoped alcohol would do ¨ How you felt before and after This helps you start recognising your own cues and cycles. You’re not just cutting out alcohol, you’re understanding it. CBT techniques In therapy, we look at the beliefs and thoughts that drive your drinking: “I can’t unwind without it.” “Just one won’t hurt.” “Everyone else is drinking, I’ll feel weird if I don’t.” CBT helps you challenge these thoughts, plan ahead for high-risk moments, and build healthier habits that still meet your needs (like decompression, connection, or confidence). Planning for tricky situations In therapy, you might build a weekend plan or “safe exits” for social events where binge drinking is likely. ¨ Who can you call? ¨ What’s your script if someone offers you a drink? ¨ What’s your go-to “escape plan” if things feel off? Therapists help you create real-life scenarios you can rehearse, not just talk about. Boundary setting and confidence building A big part of stopping binge drinking is learning how to say no without guilt , handle peer pressure, and feel like yourself in social situations without a drink in your hand. Therapy helps you build that confidence, practice those boundaries, and understand what makes them hard in the first place. 8. How to get support You don’t have to wait for things to get worse before you get support. If binge drinking is starting to affect how you feel, function, or connect with others, therapy can help you take back control with compassion, not judgement. Schedule an appointment with Positive Talk today and take the first step toward a healthier, more balanced relationship with alcohol. Created by Priyanka, Integrative Therapist (MSc, BACP member) (If you’re interested in learning more about this topic or how therapy might support you, you can visit the author’s bio here .)
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